Atlas of Habitats

group

0.0002 m³

at 0 m

48.2ºN

A42 [earthy] hill

earth

mixed

rough

mammals

A42 [earthy] hill

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Introduction

Austria
Prater Park
48.2059° N, 16,4117° E
16/06/2024, 4:30 pm

Moles, small mammals that spend nearly their entire lives underground, are known for their expert digging abilities. They use their specially adapted, large front claws to excavate complex tunnel networks beneath the soil that serve both as protection and hunting grounds, primarily for earthworms and other insects. Moles’ subterranean lifestyle is highly specialized, and their survival depends on the environment they create within their tunnel systems.

Micro Climate

The tunnels, particularly the deeper ones, are naturally insulated by the soil, which keeps temperatures inside more consistent. This underground environment is cooler than the surface in summer and warmer in winter, offering moles protection against both heat and cold. Moles need adequate ventilation and achieve this by designing surface openings that allow fresh air to circulate throughout the tunnel system. This keeps the air within the habitat breathable and reduces the risk of a harmful buildup of humidity.

Material

Soil is the main component of a mole’s habitat. Moles prefer loose, moist, nutrient-rich soils because they are easier to dig through and hold the shape of their tunnels more effectively. The roots of plants and trees provide additional stability, reinforcing the walls of the tunnels and preventing collapses. Additionally, decomposing organic matter in the soil contributes to insulation. Moles also line their nest chambers with softer materials like dried leaves, grasses and roots to increase the warmth in their dens.

Location

The Prater, a sprawling public park in Vienna, offers an ideal habitat for moles. Spanning over six square kilometers and home to more than 2,600 trees, the park features a diverse mix of meadows, forests and gardens. These green spaces are ideal for moles, as they provide soft, loamy soil and ample food sources, such as earthworms and other invertebrates. The Prater’s mild climate and consistent rainfall keep the soil soft and easy to dig, enabling moles to build their extensive tunnel systems without much difficulty.

Construction

A mole's underground habitat is built around a series of tunnels that serve both as a living space and as a means of foraging for food. Their tunnel network consists of two main types: shallow feeding tunnels and deeper, more permanent tunnels. Shallow tunnels are located just below the surface and are mainly used for foraging. Deep tunnels are dug much deeper and provide long-term living spaces and chambers used for resting, raising young, and storing food.